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    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure of elaboration of an organic substrate for stimulation of growth in germination and development of plants and organic substrate. Process of elaboration of an organic substrate that comprises initiating composting of vine pruning remains, adding chitin to the vine pruning remains, inoculating a strain of the microorganism Trichoderma harzianum and inoculating a mixture of species of the genus Glomus. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2656786A1
    申请号:ES201700806
    申请日:2017-08-28
    公开日:2018-02-28
    发明作者:Cristobal Sanchez Lopez；Jose Antonio Pascual Valero；Miroslav VOSÁTKA；Ales LÁTR；Silvio GIANINAZZI
    申请人:Microgaia Biotech SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Procedure of elaboration of an organic substrate for stimulation of growth in germination and development of plants and organic substrate
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to the preparation of an organic substrate for stimulation of growth in germination and plant development. In particular, said method comprises composting of vine pruning remains, addition of chitin, a strain of the microorganism Trichoderma harzianum and a mixture of species of the genus Glomus.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    A substrate is, by definition, any medium that is used to grow plants in a container. The use of substrates in vegetable production has experienced in the last decades a considerable increase for economic, as well as agronomic and even environmental reasons.
    On the other hand an organic amendment, is any type of organic material capable of improving the quality of the soil and the crop that is being produced in it, given that this provides part of the necessary nutrients, in addition to improving the properties of the soil.
    The evolution of substrates and organic amendments is more than evident in recent times, each time demanding a higher quality to them, as well as specific functionalities, expecting them increasingly less dependence on external inputs. For this reason, the field of applications has been extended, both as substrates and as organic amendments. In the first case, employment for the use of millions of seedlings stands out in a sector as technified as the seedbed, where seedlings are produced from seed, on the minimum volume of existing organic substrate. In this case, peat has been used as a reference material, but this has several problems, from the environment due to the need for its import, the extra cost that this type of material has, as well as the heterogeneity of the items depending not only on the origin but also on the the game in question. On the other hand, there has also been a growth in the cultivation without soil itself for which coconut fiber and pearlite are used, although they have a good response, they have several problems such as dependence on their import and the difficulty of their Disposal after employment. Organic amendments are another point that is being innovated with the tendency to produce them in a specific way for a specific purpose, that of improving yields, either in a direct way improving the characteristics of the soil, or directly through the contribution of key elements for the culture as they are the nutrients or microorganisms able to mobilize nutrients denominated biofertilizantes or biestimulantes.
    Nº application28 / 08 / 2017F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.Efectiva
    The increase in demand for these produces an increasing sensitivity towards the exhaustion of non-renewable resources and environmental deterioration. This growing demand for organic substrates causes the use of compost to be plated as an organic substrate, although not all composts can be used as a substrate, because they must meet the minimum requirement to allow adequate growth of the crops that are developed. about them.
    The use of pruning remains from the main woody crops has environmental implications that can be negative, as in the case of burning; or positive as is the use of physical, physical-chemical, chemical and biological characteristics for its use as an organic substrate, alternative to peat, or organic amendment in the soil. For this, this type of material must undergo a composting process that consists in the stabilization of the organic matter of the same and the consequent elimination of those phytopathogenic microorganisms that may exist in the plant material used. In addition, the advantage of manipulating a vegetable waste from its origin to obtaining the final product by composting, can allow to increase its beneficial properties, resulting in functional and / or directed composts. In this aspect, depending on the needs of the substrate, the physical characteristics can be addressed; physical-chemical, chemical and biological towards different purposes such as control of plant diseases, improve biostimulant and / or biofertilizing capacities.
    Most composts have a high content of organic matter, which by natural decomposition allows their use as organic amendments with gradual fertilizer capacity, by decomposing their organic matter and releasing nutrients that can be used by plants. Furthermore, depending on their origin and composition, they may have a suppressive effect against diseases, although this effect is partial and erratic, making it difficult to use for this purpose. Although, in recent times, and given the pressure in the handling of phytosanitary products has regained special attention. In addition, composts as such or in combination with peat have begun to be used as substrates for the cultivation of plants, although external applications of fertilizers and chemical pesticides are necessary.
    Nº application28 / 08 / 2017F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.Efectiva
    The use of chitin as a coadjuvant during the composting process has the effect of facilitating the establishment of the microorganism T78, as defined in the patent ES 2360318. There is a patent where the production of a suppressive substrate is described by incorporating a strain of Trichoderma hamatum in conjunction with Flavobacterium balustinum (US 4,900,348). US 4,642,131, describes a method in which Trichoderma hamatum is used in combination with bacteria. However, neither of these patents describes the potential use as a growth enhancer, focusing on the control of diseases. On the other hand, there is a patent, ES 2188385, consisting of the addition of a conidia suspension of Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 to substrates formulated from mixtures of composts, peat and other materials, although since it is a physical mixture of an organic material with a microorganism, not promoting in any way the establishment of the microorganism in the organic material, so its ability to survive and stability is very limited. It also does not refer to the potential biostimulant and / or biofertilizing effects of the substrate, showing no effect on the effects of its product on the melon crop at the nursery level. In previous studies, the T78 immobilization is proposed through the use of an inorganic material and other additional factors for the control of vascular fusariosis diseases, its use being comparable to a specific application of a biological control fungicide or to the preparation of substrates such as the one of the previous patent.
    There are also studies in which mycorrhizae are used in order to improve the establishment of a root system that allows a better conditioning and vigor of the mycorrhized plant, which produces a saving in nutrients on the one hand, and a greater plant growth. In this sense, the incorporation of mycorrhizae together with organic materials have been very diverse depending on the strain and the type of compost to be used. The use of beneficial microorganisms such as strain T78 in a better degree of mycorrhization in tomato plants has been successfully carried out in some studies, although it is dependent on the strain of Trichoderma to be used, as well as on the mycorrhizal strain.
    There are no studies in which the combination of composting of pruning remains has been carried out, with the sequential incorporation of elements that results in a biotized organic substrate. The elements that are incorporated in process, sequentially facilitate the establishment of the next one, being chitin in the first place, which once incorporated and partially decomposed in a natural way, allows the success of the inoculation and
    P201731050 F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.EfectivaNo application28 / 08/2017

    installation of T78, which once incorporated and installed allows or facilitates the incorporation of AMFS, giving rise to the biotized substrate, object of this patent.
    Therefore a substrate as proposed in the present invention, conceived from its origin
    5 to be an ecological and nutritional niche for specific microorganisms and elaborateddirectionally to fulfill said purpose, without prejudice to compliance with the parametersPhysical-chemical analysis of a standard substrate can be considered as a new product.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing an organic substrate for stimulation of growth in germination and plant development, comprising:
    (a) start composting of vine pruning remains, 15 (b) add chitin to the vine pruning remains during the thermophilic phase of composting,
    (c)  Inoculate a strain of the microorganism Trichoderma harzianum to the product resulting from the previous stage at the end of the thermophilic phase of composting and
    (d) inoculate a mixture of species of the genus Glomus to the product resulting from the previous stage during the maturation phase of the composting.
    Another embodiment is the method according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the ratio of Trichoderma harzianum / mixture of species of the genome Glomus is 1: 1.
    Another embodiment is the process according to the first aspect of the invention, where the strain
    25 of the microorganism Trichoderma harzianum is the strain Trichoderma harzianum T78 identified by the deposit number CECT 20714 and because the mixture of species of the genus Glomus is a mixture of the species Glomus intraradices, Glomus claroideum, Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum.
    30 The organic substrate of culture is suitable for the development of horticultural seedlings at seedling level, soilless cultivation and incorporation as an organic amendment to the culture soils, inoculated with microorganisms that confer biostimulant and / or biofertilizing capacity.
    The combination of species that are part of the inoculum and its proportional relationship, the
    The moment and the manner of incorporation of the different elements achieve biostimulating and / or biofertilizing functionalities in a stable and persistent way in the substrate.
    The present invention provides an organic substrate suitable for the development and cultivation of F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.EfectivaNo application28 / 08/2017 plants in nursery, in soilless cultivation and, applied as an organic amendment, in intensive horticulture.
    The organic substrate is capable of replacing traditional substrates in soilless cultivation such as peat or coconut fiber, as well as organic amendments with high added value. The organic substrate is characterized by having additional and specific properties to the organic substrates of the market, mainly biostimulant and biofertilizing capacities.
    The present invention provides an organic substrate, biotizado functionally, for agricultural production technified, as the germination and development of horticultural seedling in nurseries and the production in culture without ground. This substrate is also suitable for use as an organic amendment in crop soils. Its use improves crop yields of the crops tested, which must be attributed to the synergic effect and overall of the specific combination used.
    The vegetal material selected for its elaboration was rest of vine pruning, since it turned out to be the most suitable material for the development of the properties that are tried to be promoted in the new substrate (biostimulant activity and biofertilizer) due to the adequate establishment of the microorganisms described.
    The culture substrate object of the present invention incorporates chitin. The presence of chitin during the process of bioestabilization of the remains of vine pruning, through composting, in addition to contributing to the contribution of nitrogen, reducing the C / N ratio and thus favoring the bioestabilization of organic matter, acts as an inducer of Activation and nutrient source of the strain Trichoderma harzianum T78; the latter, inoculated at the appropriate time of the composting process to assure its establishment in a stable manner, will favor the action of the mixture of species of the genus Glomus, increasing its mycorrhization indexes, during the cultivation of the plant in the substrate, producing significant improvements in crop yields tested
    In the process of the first aspect of the invention, chitin is applied after the first peak of the thermophilic phase, taking advantage of the necessary turning, the Trichoderma harzianum T78 strain is incorporated at the end of this phase of the composting process and the mixture of species of the Glomus genus is inoculated during the maturation phase of the process and prior to refining the final material obtained. The use of the obtained product produces an improvement in the crops tested with lower needs of chemical inputs (fertilizers and synthetic pesticides), contributing to a sustainable agriculture, respectful with the environment and the F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.EfectivaNo application28 / 08 / 2017health of living beings. In addition, the starting material of this substrate, remnants of vine pruning, would go from being a "waste" to a "resource", economically recoverable, allowing an adequate environmental outlet, avoiding the problem of its elimination by indiscriminate burning. At the same time, this renewable resource contributes to reduce the needs of using substrates from non-renewable sources such as peat.
    In a second aspect, the present invention provides an organic substrate obtainable according to the process of the first aspect of the invention.
    In a third aspect, the present invention provides an organic substrate according to the second aspect of the invention for use in stimulating growth in germination and plant development.
    Another embodiment is the organic substrate of the third aspect of the invention, wherein said plants are grown without soil or soil.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    Figure 1. Fresh weight of corn plants treated with the different combinations of mycorrhiza and strains of Trichoderma harzianum.
    Figure 2. Dry weight of corn plants treated with the different combinations of mycorrhiza and strains of Trichoderma harzianum.
    Figure 3. Fresh weight of tomato plants treated with the different combinations of mycorrhiza and strains of Trichoderma harzianum.
    Figure 4. Dry weight of tomato plants treated with the different combinations of mycorrhiza and strains of Trichoderma harzianum,
    Figure 5. Average height, in centimeters per seedling, of the 300 melon seedlings of each treatment tested in nursery with different substrates and mixtures thereof.
    Figure 6. Average dry weight, in grams per seedling, of the 300 melon seedlings of each treatment tested in nursery with different substrates and mixtures thereof.
    Figure 7. Average height, in centimeters per seedling, of the 300 onion seedlings of F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.EfectivaNº application28 / 08 / 2017each treatment tested in seedbed with different substrates and mixtures thereof.
    Figure 8. Average dry weight, in grams per seedling, of the 300 onion seedlings of each treatment tested in nursery with different substrates and mixtures thereof.
    Figure 9. Average height, in centimeters per seedling, of the 300 pepper seedlings of each treatment tested in nursery with different substrates and mixtures thereof.
    Figure 10. Average dry weight, in grams per seedling, of the 300 pepper seedlings of each treatment tested in nursery with different substrates and mixtures thereof.
    Figure 11. Total weight, in grams per treatment, of the 9 plants of each treatment tested for tomato production in soilless culture with different organic substrates and mixtures thereof.
    Figure 12. Average weight, in grams per fruit, of a fruit (unit) of each treatment tested for tomato production in soilless culture with different organic substrates and mixtures thereof.
    Figure 13. Average weight, in kilos of grapes per plant, of the production of the 96 plants of each treatment tested in vine cultivation (year 3 after planting).
    Figure 14. Average weight, in kilos of grapes per plant, of the production of the 96 plants of each treatment tested in vine cultivation (year 4 after planting).
    DESCRIPTION OF MODES OF REALIZATION
    EXAMPLE 1
    Determination of the combination of species and their proportional relationship to obtain a substrate with biofertilizing and biostimulant capacities derived from a synergistic microbial activity that increases the mycorrhization indexes of the cultivated plants
    Factorial study of different mycorrhizae and species and strains of Trichoderma sp on the cultivation of corn and tomato, evaluating the degree of mycorrhization and content of colony forming units of Trichoderma harzianum.
    The objective of this Activity was to select different mycorrhizae (AMFs) and strains of F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.EfectivaNº application28 / 08 / 2017Trichoderma, which a priori due to its characteristics possess characteristic effects of its genus, that is to say that a priori have ability to survive and act in field conditions. Selection of microorganisms
    For this, two pools of strains of AMFs (AMF1 and AMF2) were available, which had been immobilized in zeolite, a characteristic medium in the immobilization of this microorganism. On the other hand, three different strains of the genus Trichoderma were available. These were selected for their capacity to resist under conditions of low organic matter content and low water content, common conditions in the field. The strains selected were strain T38, T55 and T78 immobilized in clay, in this case bentonite.
    The number of viable spores for each of the three strains of Trichoderma was made by PDA-Rose Bengal culture. The number of spores was around 10 (7) CFU per gram, there being no difference depending on the strains of Trichoderma starting. Conducting the experiment-growing corn plants
    Once both the mycorrhizae and the three strains of Trichoderma were selected, 5 L containers were prepared, which were filled with agricultural soil, previously sterilized to avoid effects of natural mycorrhization, preventing observation of the interaction between study. In each of the containers, a corn seed was planted, as it is very sensitive to the effect of mycorrhization; for which a small hole was made in the center of the pot, placing 5 grams of the mycorrhizal preparation and 1 gram of each of the Trichoderma preparations, placing the seed on top of the mixture, covering it with soil and irrigating it. immersion of the containers on water trays, in order that the water moistened the soil by capillarity and thus avoiding the possible washing of the biological material inoculated. After 5 hours in immersion and when it was observed that the water had reached the superficial part, it was extended in a greenhouse in a random way. Each of the treatments was composed of 10 replicas, in order that the results had statistical validity.
    The treatments arranged were:
    Table 1. Combinations of T. harzianum-pool strains of mycorrhizae tested F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.EfectivaNo application28 / 08/2017
    AMFS T78 AMFS2 T78T78
    AMFS T55 AMFS2 T55T55
    AMFS T38 AMFS2 T38T38
    AMFS AMFS2control
    The containers were placed for 45 days, after which they were lifted, carrying out the fresh weight and dry weight of the corn plants, count of 5 Trichoderma and percentage of mycorrhization.
    From this study it was possible to conclude how the three strains of Trichoderma produced an increase in the growth of the plants, being this greater in the case of the strain T78 with respect to the other two (Figure 1 and 2). As for the mycorrhizae, indicate how the AMFS did show an increase in the growth of the corn plants in terms of control, although the increase was less than that of the samples that incorporated the T78 strain. In Table 1, the percentages of mycorrhization and the levels of Trichoderma harzianum T78 of the different treatments are shown; Of them, it stands out how the mycorrhization percentages were null in the control soil and the treatments that only incorporated Trichoderma; however, when they incorporated mycorrhiza, either AMFs or AMFs2, they showed a mycorrhization, which in general was enhanced in the treatments in which Trichoderma was incorporated, especially in those in which the treatment of incorporated Trichoderma was T78 as in the case of AMFs2 and its combinations with Trichoderma; the inoculation of the AMFS did show significant levels of mycorrhization percentage, which were increased by the presence of
    20 the different strains of Trichoderma although to a lesser extent than the AMFs2. The highest levels of mycorrhization and the largest plant size were shown in the AMFs-T78 consortium.
    Table 2. Percentage of mycorrhization and colony-forming units of the different strains of Trichoderma harzianum used in the consortium for the cultivation of corn.
    Mycorrhization percentage Standard deviationTrichoderma log (ufc / g)Standard deviation
    AMFS T78 7584.480.09
    AMFS T55 5674.300.08
    AMFS T38 5974.000.03
    AMFS 5360.000.00
    Control 000.000.00
    Nº application28 / 08 / 2017F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.Efectiva
    AMFS2 T78 6664.480.07
    AMFS2 T55 fifty44.300.09
    AMFS2 T38 5374.300.20
    AMFS2 4250.000.00
    T78 005.700.41
    T55 004.480.10
    T38 005.000.10 Realization of the experiment-cultivation of tomato plants in controlled conditions at the nursery level
    This trial on tomato cultivation was carried out with the same variables as the previous trial, in order to be able to make a contrasted selection not only with one crop. This trial was carried out at the nursery level, using the usual nursery containers of 150 alveoli per treatment, taking 50 plants from each tray, calculating the average of the
    10 same, taking for each of the treatments 5 replicas that consisted of 5 trays. In this case, the alveoli were filled with normal peat germination germination of seedling in the nursery, and in each of them was added the equivalent of each of the microorganisms in an equivalent proportion of 0.3 g of mycorrhiza per 0.1 g of Trichoderma by seed.
    15 The results shown were equivalent to those observed in the previous test, with the exception that in this case levels of mycorrhization were much lower than in the case of corn, since this crop is less sensitive to mycorrhization, and also because this first The test was carried out at the nursery level, whose containers are small and can be
    This affects the mycorrhization effect, or the contact time was not sufficient in the case of nursery. It is stipulated that the minimum time to observe an adequate mycorrhization is around 50 days, and in these cases the time spent in the nurseries was less than 30 days. Regarding the type of mycorrhiza, again the treatments with AMF showed better mycorrhization results than the AMF2 (Table 2), in addition to a higher
    25 fresh weight and dry weight of the tomato plants, evaluated at the time when the field transplant would be performed (Figures 3 and 4).
    Table 3. Percentage of mycorrhization and colony-forming units of the different strains of Trichoderma harzianum used in the consortium for tomato cultivation at the
    30 seedlings.
    Nº application28 / 08 / 2017F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.Efectiva
    Mycorrhization percentage Standard deviationTrichoderma log (ufc / g)Standard deviation
    AMFS T78 3844.480.10
    AMFS T55 1834.300.10
    AMFS T38 17two4.000.08
    AMFS 2840.000.00
    Control 000.000.00
    AMFS2 T78 22two3.480.07
    AMFS2 T55 twentytwo3.300.09
    AMFS2 T38 22two4.000.09
    AMFS2 1730.000.00
    T78 005.650.41
    T55 004.450.03
    T38 005.000.09
    Also the AMF showed a better synergy with the strains of Trichoderma than the AMF2. The best results in terms of plant size, nutritional status and percentage of mycorrhization occurred for the joint treatment AMF-T78.
    The combination of mycorrhiza AMF and Trichoderma harzianum strain T78 showed the best growth of corn and tomato plants, besides being those that showed the least antagonism between them.
    EXAMPLE 2 Obtaining an organic substrate from vine pruning residues by sequential inoculation of chitin, T. harzianum T-78 and AMFS during the composting process.
    15 Once the combination of T. harzianum and AMFs has been established, the way to inoculate them in a stable manner and in sufficient concentration during the composting process of vine pruning residues is studied.
    At the end of the thermophilic phase of the composting process of vine shoots, the
    20 isolated from T. harzianum T-78, with a humidity of 45% made with a mixture of spore suspension thereof, obtained following the following ratio: 1 milliliter of spore suspension obtained from scraping a culture in a Petri dish of T harzianum T78, equivalent to a spore concentration of 10 (9) CFU / mL, 10 g of bentonite, 20 g F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.EffectiveNo application28 / 08 / 2017of vermiculite and 25 mL of water.
    After the maturation phase, the pool of AMFs is inoculated, a mixture of 350 5 propagules / gram of the species Glomus intraradices, G. claroideum, G. mosseae, G. etunicatum, in a 1: 1 ratio to the inoculum of T. harzianum T- 78
    EXAMPLE 3
    Validation of the use of the organic substrate biotizado for essay in semillero
    The biotized substrate was granulometrically conditioned in order to resemble its physical characteristics to the commonly used culture substrates. The development of seedlings of different horticultural species was compared, under seedbed conditions, between different commercial substrates, specific preparations of professional seedlings and the
    The biotised substrate object of the present invention. Both pure products and mixtures of conventional substrates with different proportions of the biotized substrate were tested according to the treatments of the following table
    Table 4. different culture substrates and mixtures tested
    Treatments DESCRIPTION
    one ELMIR 100% commercial substrate
    two commercial substrate + biotized substrate 50:50 (V / V)
    3 commercial substrate + biotized substrate 80:20 (V / V)
    4 Blonde peat 100%
    5 Blonde peat + biotized substrate 50:50 (V / V)
    6 Blonde peat + biotized substrate 80:20 (V / V)
    7 Mix peat black-blonde (Projar) 100%
    8 Mixture of blond and black peat (Projar) + biotized substrate 50:50 (V / V)
    9 Mixed blond and black peat (Projar) + biotized substrate 80:20 (V / V)
    10 100% biotized substrate
    For each crop species, two polystyrene trays of 150 alveoli of each of the different compositions were prepared and divided into two sectors. The type of alveolus usually used for specific crop cultivation in commercial seedbeds is used and cultivated in nursery conditions, with irrigation and fertilization, the time required for each species, between 45 days of melon and 60 days of onion. At the end of the F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.EfectivaNº application28 / 08/2017, the dry weight and height of the 300 seedlings of each treatment for each species is determined.
    5 The melon, onion and pepper crops were tested.
    Table 5. Average dry weight and height of the seedlings in the different treatments tested
    Treatment Melon (Figs 5 and 6)Onion (Figs 7 and 8)Pepper (Figs 9 and 10)
    Dry weight (g) Height (cm) Dry weight (g)Height (cm) Dry weight (g)Height (cm)
    one 0,23112.560.0518.810.0798.36
    two 0.26213.550.09313.470,13812.95
    3 0,21312.420.07211.850.08813.42
    4 0.1949.740.07211.930.1079.50
    5 0,27314.470.11216.720.19816.40
    6 0,23210.980.10213.820.18114,16
    7 0.25210.780.09313.890.0929.52
    8 0,23212.640,08413.410.20013.77
    9 0.19310.440.08514.590.15713.39
    10 0,22512.640.09314.420.14012.56
    10 In all cases, it is observed how the treatments that incorporated the biotized substrate showed a higher yield in terms of dry weight and height compared to the traditional treatments (Figures 5 to 10), either the specific one used for that crop in the nursery , well the commercial mixture of blond and black peat well to the blond peat itself. The most outstanding results were found in which the biotized substrate was used in
    15 mix with blond peat or on its own.
    EXAMPLE 4
    Validation of the use of the biotized organic substrate for soilless culture assay
    The biotized substrate was granulometrically conditioned to resemble its physical characteristics to the commonly used culture substrates. The production of a tomato-free crop (Optima variety) in a greenhouse on different commercial organic substrates and the biotised substrate object of the present invention was compared. It was F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.EfectivaNo application28 / 08 / 2017analyzed both in the pure products, as in mixtures of the conventional substrates with different proportions of the biotized substrate, according to the treatments of the following table
    5 Table 6. Different culture substrates and mixtures tested
    Treatments DESCRIPTION
    one Coconut fiber
    two Coconut fiber + biotized substrate 50:50 (V / V)
    3 Coconut fiber + biotized substrate 80:20 (V / V)
    4 100% black peat
    5 Black peat + biotized substrate 50:50 (V / V)
    6 Black peat + biotized substrate 80:20 (V / V)
    7 Biotized substrate 100%
    Each treatment consists of 9 plants, three sacks of culture, with three plants each, arranged at random in the greenhouse. The tomato crop lasted 9 months. As of month 3, fruit was harvested following the usual harvesting criterion in soilless cultivation, being usual to harvest between two and three times a week in the summer season, and only one during the winter season. in which the fruits were collected periodically, which were divided into 25 collections. Table 7 shows the number of fruits and the total weight produced in each treatment, while Figure 11
    15 shows the total weight produced by each treatment and Figure 12 shows the average weight of the fruits collected.
    From the results obtained, he highlighted that the biotized substrate showed similar results to those of coconut fiber, being inferior to those obtained by the black peat. 20 However, it is important to note that the proportion of 20% of biotized substrate mixed with coconut fiber produced a significant increase in production.
    In turn, the combination of the biotized substrate with the black peat showed, in addition to an increase in the number of fruits, an increase in the weight thereof. The latter is a reflection of an increase in the quality and price of the fruits obtained.
    The differences obtained must be attributed to the effect of the biotized compost, since in F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.EffectiveNº application28 / 08 / 2017all the cases the irrigation carried out was equivalent for all the treatments. The best use of resources by composts that incorporated microorganisms was the cause of obtaining an improvement in yields. The fact that an equal production was obtained in the biotized compost that in the coconut fiber, and that it was increased significantly when it was incorporated with the coconut fiber, is attributable to the fact that the structure that the coconut fiber confers is optimal and the incorporation of the biotized compost in the proportion of 20% applied the optimum characteristics contributed by the biotized compost.
    Table 7. Total weight and number of fruits of the harvest of the different treatments in culture without tomato soil
    TREATMENT Total weight (Kg)No. fruits
    one 47.41276
    two 58.75356
    3 55.09299
    4 63,81387
    5 64.95365
    6 71.95378
    7 46.52273
    EXAMPLE 5
    Validation of the use of biotized organic substrate as an organic amendment.
    The effect of the addition of the biotized substrate, as an organic amendment, was tested at the time of planting a vinification vineyard, Macabeo variety, glass and irrigated. The following treatments are compared:
    Table 8. Treatments carried out in vine cultivation.
    Treatments DESCRIPTION
    one Biotized substrate
    two Control. Black peat
    At the time of planting, a kilogram of the F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.EfectivaNº application28 / 08/2017 is added to the planting hole, corresponding to each treatment, in 96 holes per treatment, arranged at random. The growing conditions, thereafter, are the same for the whole plot. Localized irrigation (2,000m3 / Ha.), Fertigation (NPK solution 8-4-10), treatments
    5 preventives with 98% micronised sulfur.
    The production of two consecutive harvests, corresponding to the third and fourth year after planting, was compared for when it has already stabilized.
    10 Table 9. Average production of the different treatments in years 3 and 4 after planting grapes
    TREATMENT Average (Kg / plant)
    Year 3 (Fig. 13) Year 4 (Fig. 14)
    one 2.164.09
    two 1.182.79
    15 REFERENCE TO DEPOSIT OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL
    The Trichoderma harzianum T78 strain was deposited on November 22, 2006 in accordance with the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Microorganisms Deposit for the purposes of the Patent Procedure, in the authority
    20 international deposit Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT) with address Parc Científic Universitat de València, Professor Agustín Escardino, 9, 46980 Paterna (Valencia, Spain), by Microgaia Biotech, SL, with address in Murcia Scientific Park, Campus Espinardo , Building S -Ctra. Madrid, Km. 388. 30100 Espinardo (Murcia, Spain).
    25 The Trichoderma harzianum T78 strain has been identified by the depositor by reference T 78, and received the deposit number CECT 20714 by the international deposit authority.
    Nº application28 / 08 / 2017F.OEPM28 / 08 / 2017F.Efectiva
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    1. Procedure for the elaboration of an organic substrate to stimulate the growth in germination and development of plants, characterized in that it comprises:
    (a) start composting of vine pruning remains,5 (b) adding chitin to vine pruning remains during the thermophilic phase of composting,
    (c) inoculate a strain of the microorganism Trichoderma harzianum to the product resulting from the previous stage at the end of the thermophilic phase of composting,
    (d)inoculate a mixture of species of the genus Glomus to the product resulting from the previous stage during the maturation phase of the compost.
    The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of Trichoderma harzianum / mixture of species of the genus Glomus is 1: 1.
    [3]
    3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the strain of the microorganism Trichoderma harzianum is the strain Trichoderma harzianum T78 identified by the deposit number CECT 20714 and that the mixture of species of the
    15 genus Glomus is a mixture of the species Glomus intraradices, Glomus claroideum, Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum.
    [4]
    Four. Organic substrate obtainable according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
    [5]
    5. Organic substrate according to claim 4 for use in stimulating the growth in germination and development of plants.
    6. Organic substrate for use according to claim 5, characterized in that said plants are grown without soil or with soil.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3289878A1|2018-03-07|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES2360318A1|2009-05-08|2011-06-03|Microgaia Biotech, Sl|Procedure for the production of an organic substrate of functional cultivation, inoculated, suitable for the development of horticultural seedlings at the seedling level, with biopesticide, biostimulant and/or biofertilizing capacity. |CN108147904A|2018-03-21|2018-06-12|朱林|A kind of rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof|
    CN110028361A|2019-05-18|2019-07-19|广西大学|A kind of implantation methods promoting the organic Se accumulation of rice using mycorrhizal fungi|US4642131A|1983-08-02|1987-02-10|The Ohio State University|Production of disease suppressive compost and microorganism culture for use therein|
    US4900348A|1983-08-02|1990-02-13|The Ohio State University Research Foundation|Production of disease suppresive compost and container media, and microorganism culture for use therein|
    ES2188385B1|2001-06-26|2004-12-01|Universidad De Barcelona|SUBSTRATES FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES.|
    US20070261299A1|2006-05-04|2007-11-15|Paul Kephart|Biodegradable modular roofing tray and method of making|
    CN101665374B|2009-09-23|2011-08-17|新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所|Functional microbial fertilizer production by utilizing agricultural wastes|
    CN102515900A|2011-11-12|2012-06-27|斯华四|Microbial fertilizer producing by using agricultural wastes and preparation thereof|
    FR3029737B1|2014-12-12|2016-12-30|Nucea Substrate|PLANT CULTURE SYSTEM ON SUBSTRATE INOCULATED WITH A MICROORGANISM COMPOSITION|GR1009804B|2019-07-17|2020-09-01|Βιοστερεα-Παραγωγη Εδαφοβελτιωτικων Ανωνυμος Εταιρεια|Mycorrhizae compost|
    法律状态:
    2019-02-12| FC2A| Grant refused|Effective date: 20190206 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP16382408.9A|EP3289878A1|2016-08-31|2016-08-31|Method for producing an organic substrate for promoting growth during plant germination and development, and organic substrate|
    EP16382408.9|2016-08-31|
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